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EU VAT Calculator

Pick a direction (remove VAT from a gross price or add VAT to a net price), then read the net price, VAT amount and gross total at the standard rates of 12 major EU trading partners and the UK - computed entirely in your browser.

Selling into Europe means running into the same three numbers over and over: how much VAT did the marketplace actually withhold from your payout, which figure belongs on the customs declaration, and whether your quote to a German buyer should carry the 19% on top. They are all the same conversion - but running it in the wrong direction throws the books off.

The tool ships with the 2026 snapshot of standard rates for 12 major EU trading partners plus the UK, and a custom rate field for everything else. Reduced rates (food, culture, hospitality) and filing specifics are out of scope; always confirm the current rate with the national tax authority.

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How to use

  1. Pick the direction: holding a gross price (marketplace withholding, filing checks) choose remove VAT; holding a net price (quoting, cost uplift) choose add VAT.
  2. Pick a destination country to load its standard rate, or choose custom and type the rate.
  3. Enter the amount and currency, then read net, VAT and gross.
  4. File declarations on the net figure, quote consumers on the gross figure; switch countries to re-price instantly.

How it works

How net, VAT and gross relate

The three figures hang on one identity: gross = net x (1 + rate). Removing VAT divides (net = gross / (1 + rate), VAT = gross - net); adding VAT multiplies. The common error is multiplying the gross price by the rate - at 20% that overstates VAT by a quarter: on a EUR 1,200 gross sale the VAT is 200, not 240.

Where EU standard rates differ

Each member state sets its own standard rate. The snapshot here covers 12 major trading partners: Germany 19% among the lowest, France, the UK and Austria at 20%, Spain, the Netherlands and Belgium at 21%, Italy 22%, Ireland, Poland and Portugal 23%, and Sweden 25% at the top. The same goods can carry a tax gap of six percentage points depending on destination.

When sellers remove VAT vs add VAT

For marketplace withholding (after the EU's 2021 e-commerce reform) use remove-VAT to verify what was deducted; for quotes and cost uplift use add-VAT. Under B2B reverse charge no VAT appears on the invoice at all - the buyer self-accounts - so work from the net figure. Declaration bases are always net.

Code example

JavaScript Removing VAT is division, not multiplication 

const net = gross / (1 + rate / 100);   // divide first
const vat = gross - net;                // VAT = gross - net

// Gross EUR 1,200 at 20%:
// net = 1200 / 1.2 = 1000, VAT = 200
// gross * 0.2 = 240 is the classic mistake -
// it treats 20% as a share of the gross price

Python Quoting: add VAT to a net price, then verify 

def add_vat(net, rate_pct):
    gross = round(net * (1 + rate_pct / 100), 2)
    return gross, round(gross - net, 2)

add_vat(2500, 22)   # (3050.0, 550.0), Italy 22%
# filing check: gross / (1 + rate/100) returns 2500

FAQ

Is VAT the same as customs duty?

No. VAT is a consumption tax charged at each stage of the supply chain; duty is charged by customs when goods cross a border. They are calculated and paid separately. On import into the EU, duty is assessed first and VAT is then charged on the customs value, which includes the goods price, freight and duty. This tool handles VAT only.

Gross EUR 1,200 at 20% - why is the VAT 200 and not 240?

Because the rate applies to the net price: net = 1,200 / 1.2 = 1,000, so VAT = 1,200 - 1,000 = 200. Multiplying the gross price by 20% gives 240, which wrongly treats the rate as a share of the gross price. This is the single most common mistake when checking marketplace withholding.

How do I verify the VAT a marketplace withheld?

Since the EU's 2021 e-commerce reform, parcels up to EUR 150 shipped under IOSS have VAT collected and remitted by the platform. Use the remove-VAT mode with the amount the customer actually paid and the destination rate: the VAT that comes out is what the platform should have withheld. Compare it against the settlement line.

Why is the UK listed separately?

After Brexit the UK left the EU VAT system. Its 20% standard rate runs independently, with different filing and import-one-stop-shop rules. Shipments to the UK follow UK rules and shipments to the EU follow the destination country's - the two must not be mixed.

What is the difference between zero-rated and exempt?

Zero-rated supplies are taxed at 0% but stay inside the VAT system, so input VAT on costs remains recoverable. Exempt supplies sit outside - no output VAT, no input recovery. Cross-border B2B exports are typically zero-rated. Enter rate 0 to model it: net equals gross.

How does B2B reverse charge work?

For intra-EU B2B sales where the buyer holds a valid VAT number in another member state, the reverse charge applies: the invoice shows no VAT but a 'reverse charge' note, and the buyer self-accounts for it. Check such orders on the net figure - no VAT is added to the price. Eligibility depends on both VAT numbers and the rules of the two states.

Should declarations use the net or the gross figure?

Always the net figure: VAT returns report net turnover, and the customs value excludes VAT. Consumer-facing prices and marketplace payouts are gross. Use the remove-VAT mode to recover the declarable net price from an amount the customer actually paid.

Do rates change? Can I trust this data?

Countries occasionally adjust rates (Estonia moved from 20% to 22% in 2024, for example). The snapshot here reflects 2026 standard rates; confirm with the national tax authority before transacting, and use the custom rate field as a fallback. Everything runs locally in your browser - amounts and rates never leave your device.